BASIC CONCEPTS LIST
This list of concept areas and associated ideas is a useful checklist for any work one could be doing in Media Studies. It is just an outline intended to be used to jog your memory rather than a fully fledged plan or approach to essay writing or exam practice. However, whenever you write about Media and/or Culture you should use it as a framework for thinking and planning.
MEDIATION
Media & Medium
Mediation
REPRESENTATION
Representational Nature of the media
Stereotype
Hegemony
Realism
Reality
Modality
Reality Effect [Barthes]
Hyperreality [Baudrillard]{Post-Modernism}
Discourse of realism
IDEOLOGY
Marx
Base/Superstructure Model
'opiate of the masses'
Althusser
Ideology as 'lived experience'
Ideological State Apparatus
Interpellation
Gramsci
Hegemony
Use of representations as a means of ideological control
the 'manufacture of consent'
SEMIOTICS
Sign/Signified (referent)/Signification
Arbitrary nature of the sign
Ambiguity of the sign
Polysemy
Denotation/Connotation
Denotation is the surface meaning of the sign
Connotation is the wider world of signification that we bring to the sign
Connotive Communities: Audience groups with shared connotive standards
Myth (Barthes)
the rhetorical or propaganda use of signs
Modes of Signs
Indexical
Symbolic
Iconic
Metaphor
Metaphor
Metonym
Irony
Synecdoche
Metaphoric Communities (see Connotive Communities).
INTERTEXTUALITY
Reference to and use of texts by texts
Genre, Narrative, Metaphor
intertextuality can provide a context for signs
Characters are intertextual, film stars are intertexual
Hypertext
Dimensions of intertextuality: Horizontal, vertical
Allusion
Barthes
From Work to Text
The Death of The Author
Narrative Codes
Post-Modernism
NARRATIVE
Elements of Narrative
Setting
Narration/Narrator
Plot
Characters
Focalization
Discourse
Structuralism
Structuralism
Propp
Levi-Strauss
Todorov
'Equilibrium' & ideology
Barthes
Narrative codes
Post-Structuralism
Barthes
The Death of the Author (again)
(Derrida etc)
GENRE
Codes & Conventions
what are the rules and regulations of belonging to a particular group of texts
INSTITUTIONS
Ownership and Control
'Propaganda Model'
AUDIENCE
Theory
Encoding/Decoding
Reception Theory
ambiguity and arbitrariness of signs leads to polysemy
Encoding/Decoding
What is the Audience?
Target Audience
Intended Audience
Accidental Audience
Total Audience
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